IVF Treatment: Steps and Timeline

Op. Dr. Hakan Yaz's obstetrics and gynecology practice in Gaziantep

In vitro fertilisation (IVF) involves combining an egg and sperm outside the body in a laboratory, then placing the resulting embryo in the uterus. It is an assisted reproductive treatment used when other methods have not resulted in pregnancy. This article outlines the treatment steps, timeline and factors that affect success.

Who May Be Offered IVF?

Women whose fallopian tubes are blocked or have been removed
Women of advanced reproductive age, particularly over 38, or those with a reduced ovarian reserve
Women with severe endometriosis
Couples affected by significant abnormalities in sperm count, movement or shape
Couples who have not achieved pregnancy through intrauterine insemination (IUI)
Couples with unexplained infertility

Assessment Before Treatment

The woman’s assessment includes hormone tests such as AMH and FSH, an ultrasound to count antral follicles, and an evaluation of the uterine cavity. The man undergoes a semen analysis. Genetic tests and infection screening may be added if needed. This assessment allows the medication dose and treatment protocol to be tailored to the individual.

The IVF Process, Step by Step

1. Ovarian Stimulation: 8–12 Days

Hormone injections are started on day 2 or 3 of the menstrual cycle to encourage several eggs to develop rather than just one. Progress is monitored with ultrasound scans and blood tests on three or four occasions during this stage.

2. The Trigger Injection

When the follicles reach an appropriate size, a trigger injection is given to complete egg maturation. Egg retrieval is scheduled for 34–36 hours later.

3. Egg Retrieval

The eggs are collected using a fine needle guided by a vaginal ultrasound, under light anaesthesia. The procedure takes 15–20 minutes, and the patient returns home the same day. A sperm sample is also collected from the partner that day.

4. Fertilisation and Embryo Development

The eggs are fertilised with sperm in the laboratory, most often using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The embryos are monitored for three to five days, and those of the highest quality are selected.

5. Embryo Transfer

The selected embryo is placed in the uterus through a thin catheter. The procedure generally does not require anaesthesia and takes only a few minutes. Any remaining good-quality embryos can be frozen for future use.

6. Pregnancy Test

A blood test measuring beta-hCG is performed 10–12 days after the transfer to check for pregnancy. Progesterone medication is continued during this period to support the lining of the uterus.

Factors Affecting Success

The most influential factor is the woman’s age. Pregnancy rates per embryo transfer are higher under the age of 35 and fall significantly after 40. Other important factors include ovarian reserve, sperm quality, the structure of the uterus, body weight, smoking and embryo quality. For couples who do not achieve pregnancy in one attempt, frozen embryo transfers can increase the overall chance of success.

Risks and Side Effects

Bloating and tenderness caused by the medication are common and temporary. Appropriate treatment protocols can reduce the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). A single embryo transfer is generally preferred to reduce the risk of multiple pregnancy.

At our practice in Gaziantep, we provide infertility assessment, IUI treatment, IVF treatment planning and follow-up once pregnancy is achieved. You can make an appointment to learn more about the process.

Frequently Asked Questions

How Long Does IVF Treatment Take?

One treatment attempt takes approximately three to four weeks from the start of medication to the pregnancy test. Including the initial assessment and preparation, the process may take one and a half to two months.

Is IVF Painful?

Egg retrieval is performed under light anaesthesia to prevent pain during the procedure. Embryo transfer lasts a few minutes and generally does not require anaesthesia.

How Many IVF Attempts Can Be Made?

There is no fixed medical upper limit. The couple and their doctor make the decision together, taking into account age, ovarian reserve and the outcomes of previous attempts. In Türkiye, the Social Security Institution (SGK) covers a limited number of attempts under certain conditions.

Is Bed Rest Necessary After Embryo Transfer?

No. Prolonged bed rest has not been shown to improve success rates. Light everyday activities can continue; avoiding strenuous exercise and excessive fatigue is recommended.

This article was prepared for informational purposes by Dr. Hakan Yaz, Specialist in Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Gaziantep. It does not replace a medical consultation.

For appointments and further information: 0532 718 09 91 · Book an appointment online.